INTRODUCTION The study on the contribution of critical thinking (CT) spirituality, and nationalism to religious fundamentalism (RF) is basically induced by the existing social phenomena, scientific findings, and scholars' statements and discourses which eventually raised such question if they essentially have any, Therefore, this chapter compiles the related studies and descriptive data, the religious cases, and the most of all the brief introductory of RF which overall has brought us the insight that it is actually worthwhile to take it into our consideration as the selected topic of the current research. 1.1. RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM IN NUTSHELL AND WHY IT IS THE PROBLEM Nowadays, religion becomes a pivotal issue at either scientific or lay discussions for it is inevitably pervasive and entrenched to almost all aspects of human life, which used to merely pertain to theological discourses. Sociology, psychology, neurology, economics, and political science have considered it as an intriguing variable to their research. Belonging to the private aspect of one's life, unfortunately, doesn't make it as simple as most people assume. The references of religion which is strongly believed as sacred and divine, in many cases, have,
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